Under the layers of a sixteenth century painting
An interactive look at how paintings were produced in the sixteenth century
Below is an example of a sixteenth century painting on a wooden panel showing typical materials and techniques developed by artists in Italy during the Renaissance. Some are still used by artists today.
There are many processes required in producing these paintings; from bare panel to finished work of art.
Click on the links below to find out about each seperate layer that make up this sixteenth century painting.
1. Wooden panel
This panel is made from a hardwood called poplar. Italian artists often used this type of wood. It is planed and sanded to make it flat.
2. Glue-size and canvas preparation
Glue-size made from animal skin and water, is brushed onto the panel and a thin canvas is stuck on. This makes a better surface for priming. The glue-size also stops the panel being too absorbent.
3. Gesso priming and under-drawing
White gesso made from gypsum and glue-size is painted on in layers. After sanding, the surface is soft, smooth and ready for painting. On top of this the artist makes a detailed design or under-drawing.
4. Egg tempera and oil paint layers
The paint layers used here are made from egg tempera. Some oil paint is also used. Tiny brushstrokes and thin, see-through layers create the image. The paint is very smooth. Can you see how the white priming makes the paint layers seem bright?
5. Varnished painting
The paint is left to dry for at least a year before adding a coat of clear picture varnish. In the sixteenth century it was made by dissolving the resin from a tree in hot linseed oil and rubbed on while warm. It protects the paint and makes the colours brighter.
Next, look at an example from the seventeenth century
Related
Article: Becoming an Artist in the Eighteenth Century
8 October 2010Article: Art in Italy 1500-1700: The Renaissance
28 September 2010